| 08:30 | Registration and coffee | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| 09:00 | Welcome | ||
| 09:15 | NMR principles - a bit of physics and more on petrophysical interpretation | Read abstract | Read presentation as pdf |
| Wim Looyestijn Shell CV | |||
| 09:45 | Multi Dimensional Magnetic Resonance Fluid Characterization Technology | Read abstract | Read presentation as pdf |
| Richard Leech Schlumberger CV | |||
| 10:15 | Break | ||
| 10:30 | NMR LWD & WL; differences and communalities | Read abstract | Read presentation as pdf |
| Tor Eiane, Yoseph Ghezai Baker Hughes CV | |||
| 11:30 | Lunch | ||
| 12:30 | Imaging of Multiphase Fluid within Rock cores by Sodium NMR | Read abstract | Read presentation as pdf |
| Kathryn E. Washburn Weatherford Laboratories CV | |||
| 13:00 | NMR capcurve info - not just BVI but a full sat-height function | Read abstract | Link to Paper |
| Wim Looyestijn Shell CV | |||
| 13:30 | Break | ||
| 13:45 | Magnetic Resonance (MR) Solving Formation Evaluation Problems in Real-Time | Read abstract | Read presentation as pdf |
| Sven Gundersen Baker Hughes CV | |||
| 14:15 | NMR wettability | Read abstract | Link to Paper |
| Wim Looyestijn Shell CV | |||
| 14:45 | Break | ||
| 15:00 | Get more from your NMR | Read abstract | Read presentation as pdf |
| Geoff Page Baker Hughes CV | |||
| 15:30 | Closing Remarks / Adjourn | ||
This introductory session gives a quick recap of the basics, and emphasis on the added dimension of NMR over another existing log measurements. It sets the scene for the sessions that follow, but the majority of NMR logs are taken just for their basic interpretation.
NMR measurements of porosity and permeability have been widely accepted in the oil and gas industry for many years. However until recently, attempts at fluid characterization using borehole magnetic resonance tools have met with limited success. This is now changing with the development of new specialized pulse sequences and multi-frequency wireline tool designs that allow complete characterization of the formation pore fluid at well defined depths of investigation into the reservoir.
This presentation will review the fundamentals of borehole Magnetic Resonance Fluid (MRF) characterization as well as introduce the latest developments in three and now four dimensional data acquisition and processing. Log examples will be presented to showing the results of MRF characterization logging in a range of different environments. MRF acquisition modes comprise suites of spin-echo sequences having sensitivity to molecular diffusion. Simultaneous analysis of an entire suite of data provides continuous depth logs of oil viscosity and fluid saturations measured in the near and far wellbore regions as well as total porosity, T1 and T2 distributions, and permeability estimates.
This presentation on NMR LWD & Wireline, will describe the communalities and differences on the LWD and WL NMR logging. The presentation will cover tool designs for both drilling and wire line logging environment as well as fluid identification techniques based upon NMR measurements. Applications and interpretations of both LWD and wireline data will be presented.
The ability to monitor the oil and water within rock cores is an aim of much porous media research. However, separation of the oil and water signal using proton NMR is nontrivial and many methods have been developed to attempt to isolate their signals. We present an alternative method to observe the behaviour of oil and water within a porous matrix. Rock cores from hydrocarbon reservoirs are typically saturated with water containing a high concentration of sodium chloride. Due to the non-polar nature of oil, salt will not be present in the oil phase. By monitoring the presence and amount of the sodium signal, the location and quantity of the water within the core can be inferred.
To test the ability to monitor movement of the differing fluids within the cores through the sodium signal, cleaned Bentheimer rock cores were saturated with mineral oil. Measurement of the sodium signal showed little or no sodium present in these cores. The cores were then placed in 100 kppm brine and allowed to spontaneous imbibe the liquid. Two dimensional images of the cores were then taken to show the influx of the salt water into the rock cores. These steps were repeated several times, showing the inflow of brine into the core over time. The patterns indicate an inhomogeneous uptake of fluid into the core. Images taken on the cores several days after imbibition of the brine showed fluid redistribution throughout the core due to capillary forces. Calibration of image intensity against a fully saturated core of known pore volume allows us to determine the volume of brine that has been imbibed within the core.
Every one knows that NMR provides Bound Fluid (BVI), but, by definition, this is just a single point on a desaturation curve, and usually not very well defined. It will be shown that the NMR T2-distribution can provide a fairly good approximation of the entire capcurve. An important feature is that the measured NMR log is disturbed by an overprint of an oil or gas signal - fortunately, there is a solution.
The presentation will focus on basic magnetic resonance considerations and Real-Time applications. Short case histories and logging examples will be presented showing:
- LWD MR - Real-time T2 Distribution
- LWD MR & WL MR comparison, Time-lapse example
- Evaluation in a gas storage well, with complex mineralogy
- Picking Gas/Oil contact based on LWD MR in a micaceous sandstone, were nuclear logs are prohibited
- Bulk volume irreducible measurement assist in evaluation of a chalk well in the North Sea
NMR works because of its unique sensitivity to its surface interaction. The standard interpretation assumes this to affect the water signal only. However, if both fluids are -partially- wetting, they will both have an accelerated relaxation. In our approach we model the response in all detail, and, by means of forward inversion, we obtain the fractions of the surface wetting water and oil, respectively. This turns out to provide a quantitative wettability index, just like the USBM. But the NMR index works on logs too.
Wireline Magnetic Resonance data has now been available for several decades. There have been significant improvements in data quality, quantity and speed of acquisition, however answer products still remain generally aimed at the Petrophysicist. Although the now common NMR porosity, permeability and fluid type information is of great value, the Petrophysicist may have to limit data acquisition due to budget constraints.
This paper describes new NMR based analysis techniques, for both carbonate and clastic reservoirs, which provide valuable information not just for the Petrophysicist but also for geologists, reservoir engineers, and drilling/completions. Acquiring NMR data can be justified far more easily when all these specialists will benefit and see value in the data.
Firstly, NMR permeability has notoriously been more difficult in carbonate than clastic reservoirs. This paper presents a simple NMR based method for improved permeabilities in carbonates. Secondly, of key interest to the reservoir engineering community, this paper shows that synthetic capillary pressure data can be generated from NMR data providing continuous relative permeabilities along the wellbore, fractional fluid flows and estimated cumulative production intervals in clastic reservoirs. Thirdly, of value to the completion engineers working with unconsolidated sand reservoirs, NMR based grain size distributions from Geometric Pore Modelling is another avenue for the data which can be used for completions decisions such as sand screen size selection. Finally, for the geologist new data presentations which allow easier identification of facies changes and fluid types will be presented.
Wim Looyestijn is a principal research petrophysicist with Shell International, based in Rijswijk, the Netherlands. After obtaining a Masters and PhD at Leiden University, he joined Shell in 1979. His research spans most topics in petrophysics, including radioactive spectroscopy, log deconvolution, resistivity as well as ROS techniques and a range of core analyses. The majority of his efforts, however, are related to NMR logging and he has been instrumental in the development of several now common techniques, such as fluid differentiation by diffusion measurement, derivation of hydrocarbon-corrected pseudo capcurves, and, more recently, wettability. Most of this work has been published in peer-reviewed journals.
Besides his technical work, Wim is currently VP Publications of SPWLA after having been the Editor in the past two years. He has been the president of the DPS, the Dutch chapter of SPWLA, since 2000. He was the chairmen of the organising committee for the 45th Annual Symposium of SPWLA in Noordwijk in 2004.
Richard is a Senior Petrophysicist and Domain Champions with 16 year experience in the oil industry. He specializes in petrophysics, NMR and computer-based well log interpretation, core analysis, and field operations. He joined Schlumberger in 1994 and has previously held various positions in the field, training center and engineering, with lengthy stays in Asia, Europe, and the Middle East. Richard holds a degree in physics from Imperial College London, England.
Yoseph Ghezai is a Senior Geoscientist from the Reservoir Group Norway. Yoseph has 23 years of Petroleum Industry experience which of 13 years with Baker Hughes ? he has varied and extensive experience with geoscience and petrophysical logging.
Tor Eiane is currently working as Formation Evaluation Business Development Manager for Baker Hughes. Tor has been in the industry 18 years all within Baker Hughes. His expertise is acoustics and magnetic resonance.
PhD, School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington
Collaboration with Schlumberger. Utilized pulsed field gradient nuclear magnetic resonance to examine diffusive fluid flow through porous media - MIT Department of Nuclear Engineering
Examined the use of diffusion weighting to separate oil and water nuclear magnetic resonance signals in fluid filled porous media for wettability determination. - NTNU Department of Chemistry
Studied the affect of long term oil storage upon rock cores using low-field nuclear magnetic resonance - Statoil
Developing novel inverse Laplace and combined inverse Laplace - Fourier nuclear magnetic resonance techniques to better characterise porous media and the behaviour of saturating fluids. - VUW Department of Physics, Wellington, New Zealand
Special core analysis project management, Weatherford NMR consultant and managing nuclear magnetic resonance measurements and research based in Trondheim, Norway.
Graduated Petroleum Engineer from Høyskolen i Stavanger in 1998. Started as Jr.Petrophysicist in BakerHughes INTEQ Norway Sep 1998. Advanced to Petrophysicist in Sep 2000. Has worked as Formation Evaluation Service Coordinator in Norway since Dec 2003, where the main focus has been on LWD job-preplanning, job-execution, petrophysical interpretation and post-processing of LWD MR and acoustic data.
Geoff Page is a Petrophysical Advisor for Baker Hughes. After completing a Physics degree at Imperial College London he joined ?Dresser Atlas? as a Wireline engineer in France, now nearly 30 years later ?Dresser? has become ?Baker? but is still working for the same company. After a few years in Great Yarmouth as a Technical manager moved to Aberdeen in 1988 to do Petrophysics, and although based in Aberdeen travels a lot particularly to Europe, Africa, Russia and Caspian areas. Geoff has been involved in SPWLA and SPE for many years, was AFES President 1989-90, helped organise 2008 SPWLA conference in Edinburgh, is an SPE Technical paper reviewer, has presented at AFES, NFES, LPS, Luanda, and Hungary SPWLA chapters, and many other symposiums. Geoff is also an honouree lecturer at Aberdeen University teaching a Petrophysics course as part of their Msc Integrated Petroleum Geoscience and helping give them some ?industry experience? for the last 20 years. He has published over 20 papers, and has a few patents pending. Geoff now lives on a mountain near Aberdeen with wife, cats and chickens?..